The IB Options and Futures Intelligence Report
| As of: Fri, 20 Nov 2009 03:57 PM EST |
The IB Options and Futures Intelligence Report presents vital market information that is extremely useful to serious traders based on Interactive Brokers Group's experience of professionally trading the markets for nearly three decades. Option and futures pricing data has built-in information that provides the option and futures markets’ consensus outlook for subsequent activity in the markets. These leading indicators can provide a guide to traders and investors before news is widely disseminated to the public at large or reflected in underlying prices.
One of the most important of these indicators, implied volatility, represents the markets’ view of uncertainty associated with future price movements. When the current implied volatility is compared to the prior day’s implied volatility, a large increase can foretell unexpected news developments and provide an opportunity to adjust positions accordingly. This gain indicates that option market participants anticipate greater price movement than in the past, possibly because of information that is not yet readily available. Conversely a large decrease in implied volatility indicates the expectation of subsiding price movements, possibly because all recent news has been reflected in current underlying prices. Large premium or discount of implied volatility to historical volatility over the past 30 days is frequently not justified and may represent significant trading opportunities. Other options market data presented in our report such as volumes, and call/put ratios also plays a role in understanding sentiment in the markets.
For futures markets we present two measures: Synthetic EFP Rates and Futures Arbitrage Premium/Discount Index. The Synthetic EFP Rates highlight financing opportunities where entering into an Exchange for Physical (stock for single stock future swap) will provide a lucrative investment return or a very low borrowing rate. The Futures Arbitrage Premium/Discount Index highlights discrepancies between major index future contracts and their underlying fair value.
For the purpose of the tables, those options symbols with less than a $5 stock price, and less than 200 options contracts traded, and whose company has less than $1 billion in capital are screened out to eliminate symbols whose information may be more indicative of lack of liquidity in the markets. With the exception of the Fut Arb table, all tables are posted every trading day on the hour from 12:00 to 16:00 ET under normal circumstances. The Fut Arb table is updated every 15 minutes, 12 AM Monday through 11:59 PM Friday. To view volatility and volume as well as other market summary statistics in real-time within our premier direct access trading platform, Trader Workstation, you must have an account with Interactive Brokers. Click "Open an Account" at the top right of the page.
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Top Twenty 30-day (V30) Implied Volatilities
Implied volatility is the options market's prediction of how volatile a given underlying will be in the future. It is calculated by inputting all known information into an options pricing model (i.e. option price, interest rates, dividends, strike price, and expiry date) and backing out the unknown parameter, the implied volatility.
Twenty symbols with the highest implied volatilities are ranked in descending order and displayed on an annualized basis. Implied volatility is calculated using a 100-step binary tree for American style options, and a Black-Scholes model for European style options. Interest rates are calculated using the settlement prices from the day’s Eurodollar futures contracts, and dividends are based on historical payouts.
The IB 30-day volatility (V30) is the at market volatility estimated for a maturity thirty calendar days forward of the current trading day. It is based on option prices from two consecutive expiration months. The first expiration month is that which has at least eight calendar days to run. The implied volatility is estimated for the eight options on the four closest to market strikes in each expiry. The implied volatilities are fit to a parabola as a function of the strike price for each expiry. The at-the-market implied volatility for an expiry is then taken to be the value of the fit parabola at the expected future price for the expiry. A linear interpolation (or extrapolation, as required) of the 30-day variance based on the squares of the at market volatilities is performed. V30 is then the square root of the estimated variance. If there is no first expiration month with less than sixty calendar days to run we do not calculate a V30.
Closing price, and change in price from the prior day are also displayed.
Top Twenty Volatility Gainers and Losers
The current trading day’s 30-day Implied Volatility is divided by the prior trading day’s 30-day Implied Volatility to determine the change in volatility for the day and the top 20 gainers and losers are posted. Gainers are those symbols which the options markets believe will have the greatest up or down price movement in the future as compared to the past, and losers are those symbols which the options markets believe had a large up and down price movement and will stabilize in the future. Implied volatility, closing price, and change in price from the prior day are also displayed.
Top Twenty Options Volumes and Volumes Gainers
Options volumes for the day are displayed for the top twenty symbols with the highest volumes.
The trading day’s options volumes are divided by the previous ten trading day’s options volumes average and the top twenty gainers are posted by symbol.
Closing price, and change in price from the prior day are also displayed.
Implied vs. Historical Volatilities
The 30-day Implied Volatility is divided by the 30-day historical volatility. This ratio highlights those symbols in which the market prediction of future volatility is much different from the volatility in the market over the last 30 days. The formula for historical volatility as defined by Garman-Klass. The top twenty symbols with the highest ratios as well as the top twenty symbols with the lowest ratios are displayed.
Implied volatility, historical volatility, closing price, and change in price from the prior day are also displayed.
Top Twenty Put/Call Volume Ratios and Call/Put Volume Ratios
Put option volumes are divided by call option volumes for the trading day, and the symbols for the twenty highest ratios are displayed. For the put/call ratio, the HIGHER the value, the more negative the sentiment since it would indicate more puts traded than calls. A ratio of less than one indicates more call volume than put volume.
Call option volumes are divided by put option volumes for the trading day, and the symbols for the twenty highest ratios are displayed. For the call/put ratio, the HIGHER the value, the more positive the sentiment since it would indicate fewer puts trading than calls. A ratio of less than one indicates more put volume than call volume.
Closing price, and change in price from the prior day are also displayed.
Top Twenty Put/Call Open Interest and Call/Put Open Interest
Put option open interest is divided by call option open interest, and displayed for the top twenty symbols with the highest ratios. This ratio may indicate negative sentiment in the options market.
Call option open interest is divided by put option open interest, and are displayed for the top twenty symbols with the highest ratios. This ratio may indicate positive sentiment in the options market.
Open Interest ratios reflect a longer time period than Put/Call and Call/Put daily volume ratios and therefore tend to be less volatile.
Closing price, and change in price from the prior day are also displayed.
Synthetic EFP Rates
An Exchange for Physical (EFP) allows the swap of a long or short stock position for a Single Stock Future (SSF). SSFs have an interest rate built into their price that is determined competitively by numerous market participants. Like Repos and Reverse Repos in the debt markets, EFPs provide a cheap and efficient financing vehicle. The EFP transaction is one where you sell the stock and buy it back for future delivery by buying the SSF future, or you buy the stock and sell the SSF.
There are several reasons to use this type of transaction:
- If you carry a long stock position on margin, the EFP gives you the opportunity to reduce your financing cost because you will likely be able to sell the stock and buy the forward at a premium that is lower than your margin rate.
- If you are short the stock, you receive interest on the credit balance generated by your short sale, but this interest is less than the premium you would receive by selling the SSF and buying back the short stock.
- If you have excess cash in your account and would like to earn a higher return, you could buy stock and sell it forward at a premium higher than the interest your cash generates.
The tables above highlight the highest (investment opportunity) and lowest (borrowing opportunity) synthetic EFP rates available in the market. These synthetic rates are computed by taking the price differential between the SSF and the underlying stock, netting dividends, to calculate an annualized synthetic implied interest rate over the period of the SSF. All SSFs are settled through the Options Clearing Corporation, an AAA rated entity, making any interest earned through implied interest safer than with many other interest earning alternatives.
Futures Arbitrage Premium/Discount Index
The fair value of an index futures contract is computed by combining all the underlying values, adding an interest cost of carry for the duration of the futures contract, and subtracting any dividends that are paid during the duration of the futures contract. The table above compares near futures contracts with the fair value of the underlying representing a contract. When a futures price is greater than the fair value, there is a premium, indicating that the market believes there is a potential for increase in the underlying price or a decrease in the futures price. When a futures price is less than the fair value, there is a discount indicating the market believes there is a potential for a decrease in the underlying price or an increase in the futures price.
As of: Friday November 20, 2009 3:15 pm EST
Investor plants WFC short straddle - set to bloom in April 2010
Todays tickers: WFC, IYT, RYL, YHOO, XLE, MU, ADCT, KBH, DELL, NE & GPS
WFC - Wells Fargo & Co. Shares of the financial holding company surrendered 1.5% today to stand at $27.88. One investor initiated a sold straddle on WFC in the April 2010 contract. The trader sold 10,000 calls at the April 32 strike for 1.59 apiece in conjunction with the sale of 10,000 now in-the-money puts at the same strike for 5.81 each. The gross premium on the transaction amounts to 7.40 per contract. The investor will retain the full premium if shares settle at $32.00 by expiration. The premium received acts as a buffer against losses in the event that shares swing in either direction away from the $32.00-level. However, the trader will accumulate losses if shares breach the upper breakeven price of $39.40, or if shares decline beneath the lower breakeven point at $24.60, by expiration in April.
IYT - iShares Dow Jones Transportation Average Index ETF The exchange-traded fund, which measures the performance of the transportation sector of the U.S. equity market, appeared on our hot by options volume market scanner this afternoon after one investor initiated a bearish put play. Shares of the fund moved 0.5% lower to $70.53 during the session. The trader established a put spread by purchasing 5,000 puts at the December 70 strike for 1.80 each, and by selling the same number of puts at the lower December 65 strike for 40 cents apiece. The net cost of the trade amounts to 1.40 per contract and provides downside protection beneath the breakeven price of $68.60 down to $65.00 through Decembers expiration.
RYL - The Ryland Group, Inc. Shares of homebuilder and mortgage-finance company, Ryland Group, declined nearly 4% this afternoon to stand at $18.86. Investors exchanging options on the stock today spread pessimistic sentiment through to expiration December. Traders sold 10,000 calls at the December 19 strike for an average premium of 1.10 apiece. The full 1.10 premium pocketed by investors is retained in full as long as shares of RYL remain below $19.00 through expiration day. Call-sellers do not seem to expect that shares of Ryland will recover before the start of 2010.
YHOO - Yahoo!, Inc. We observed two different option strategies in play on Yahoo this afternoon. A large-volume sold strangle in the January 2011 contract suggests shares are likely to remain stagnant through expiration. The transaction involved the sale of 20,000 puts at the January 12.5 strike for 1.10 each, and the sale of 20,000 calls at the higher January 17.5 strike for 1.65 apiece. The investor responsible for strangling Yahoo retains the gross premium of 2.75 per contract if shares stay within the confines of the two strike prices described through expiration. Perhaps the trade was inspired by Goldman Sachs earlier recommendation of selling covered strangles in the January 2011 contract. Approximately 30 minutes before the strangle took place, a large credit spread was initiated in the same January 2011 contract. It looks like 24,000 calls were sold at the January 20 strike for 97 cents, spread against the purchase of the same number of calls at the higher January 30 strike for 10 cents each. The trader pockets a net credit of 87 cents on the spread, which is safe in the bank as long as shares of YHOO remain beneath $20.00. The investor responsible for the trade is exposed to large losses should Yahoos shares double by expiration. The 87 cent reward on the trade pales in comparison to the massive loss potential of 9.13 per contract that the investor faces if the stock jumps to $30.00 by expiration.
XLE - Energy Select Sector SPDR The exchange-traded fund, which mirrors the performance of the Energy Select Sector of the S&P 500 Index, popped up on our most active by options volume market scanner after a butterfly spread unfurled its wings in the December contract. Shares of the XLE are off 1.5% to stand at the current price of $56.30. The spread indicates one bearish investor expects shares of the fund to gravitate lower by expiration next month. The trader established the pessimistic play by purchasing 5,300 in-the-money puts at the December 57 strike for a premium of 2.47 apiece [wing 1] and by picked up another 5,300 puts at the lower December 51 strike for 66 cents premium each [wing 2]. Finally, the trader sold 10,600 puts at the central December 54 strike for a premium of 1.27 apiece [body].The net cost of the transaction amounts to 59 cents per contract and yields maximum potential profits of 2.41 each if shares settle at $54.00 by expiration. Profits begin to amass if shares slip beneath the breakeven point at $56.41.
MU - Micron Technology, Inc. Options activity on the manufacturer of semiconductor devices suggests shares may recover slightly by expiration in December. Microns share price suffered significant declines throughout the latter portion of the trading week, and continued lower today by 1.25% to $7.03. Bank of Americas downgrade of the sector was largely responsible for a more than 4% slide on Thursday. A ratio bullish risk reversal by one investor offers a glimmer of optimism on the stock. It appears the trader sold 10,000 puts at the December 7.0 strike for 45 cents premium in order to offset the cost of buying 20,000 calls at the higher December 8.0 strike for 15 pennies apiece. The investor pockets a net credit of 15 cents per contract, which he retains in full as long as shares remain higher than $7.00 through expiration. Additional profits are available in the event that the stock rallies 14% from the current price to surpass the breakeven point at $8.00.
ADCT - ADC Telecommunications Inc. Shares of the telecommunications equipment manufacturer fell 15% this morning to $5.66 and was downgraded to accumulate from buy at Craig Hallum. ADCTs shares slipped after the firm forecast first-quarter revenue of $250-$275 million and stated client spending is likely to decline. Despite the gloomy reports, option traders initiated bullish stances on the stock. It appears some 3,100 in-the-money calls were purchased for an average premium of 90 cents apiece at the December 5.0 strike. Shares of ADCT must increase above the breakeven point at $5.90 by expiration in order for call-buyers to accrue profits on the trade.
KBH - KB Home Perhaps a little nervous about how the remainder of the trading session might unfold, one option trader banked profits today by closing out a previously established short put position on the homebuilding company. Shares of KB Home are currently down 3.5% to $14.10. The investor originally sold 15,200 puts short at the November 14 strike for a premium of 50 cents per contract back on October 9, 2009. Today the trader reeled in net profits of 35 cents apiece for total gains of $532,000 by buying back the puts for just 15 cents. Next, it appears like the same trader employed a similar strategy in the December contract. Approximately 14,000 puts were sold short today at the December 14 strike for an average premium of 90 cents apiece. The investor keeps the full premium if shares remain above $14.00 through expiration next month. The trader may also decide to close out the short position ahead of expiration as was the case with the November contract transaction. The December contract breakeven stands at $13.90 on account of todays premium of 90 cents. Below that point the investor will bear rising losses should shares fall further.
DELL - Dell, Inc. The just-in-time manufacturer of personal computers revealed weaker-than-expected third-quarter earnings of 23 cents per share after the closing bell on Thursday. Shares plummeted more than 9% this morning to $14.41 the lowest level experienced during the month of November. Investors traded more than 83,000 contracts on the stock by 10:20 am (EDT). Dells option implied volatility retreated 12.5% after earnings to stand at 35%.
NE - Noble Corp. The offshore drilling contractors shares slipped 5.5% lower to $39.34 as of 10:25 am (EDT). Option traders initiated fresh put positions in the November contract even though the options expire today. Investors exchanged more than 1.5 put options for each call option in play on the stock. The demand for puts on Noble boosted option implied volatility up 8.5% to an intraday high of 43.98%. Approximately 11,800 option contracts were traded on NE in the first hour of the trading day.
GPS - The Gap, Inc. Shares of the clothing retailer are up nearly 0.5% this morning to $21.93 after the firm posted better-than-expected third-quarter profits of 44 cents per share. Option trades exchanged more than 8,200 option contracts on the stock within the first 40 minutes of the trading session. Option implied volatility contracted 14.26% to $36.26% following the earnings report.
Andrew Wilkinson |
Caitlin Duffy |
The material presented in this commentary is provided for informational purposes only and is based upon information that is considered to be reliable. However, neither Interactive Brokers LLC nor its affiliates warrant its completeness, accuracy or adequacy and it should not be relied upon as such. Neither IB nor its affiliates are responsible for any errors or omissions or for results obtained from the use of this information. Past performance is not necessarily indicative of future results.
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